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Music Which Cultures are Known for Plagiarism Essay

Plagiarism is merely theft, it is the worst kind of stealing where a person takes the intellectual property/ ideas of another person and tries to pass them as his own, in other words it is simply cheating on oneself and others. Plagiarism occurs in many fields such as writing, technology, play production, architecture and many others†¦ But in this essay we are going to focus on plagiarism in music , specially that in the Arab world people are still ignorant of such kind of plagiarism, and there is barley any effective law that protects musicians from plagiarism. So how can a musician â€Å"quote† or use a musical part without plagiarizing it, and which cultures are known for plagiarism? To answer the first part of question, musicians can†¦show more content†¦Many composers were known to keep copy books with them at all times in order to write down any inspiration that they may get from hearing other pieces. For example: Mozart knowingly copied a Clementi sonata f or the overture to his Magic Flute. Schubert introduced many tributes to Beethoven in his14th String Quartet Recently in the 1950s, Shostakovich sarcastically commented on the issue of plagiarism in music by using a part of the famous We Wish You a Merry Christmas, in his Prelude No. 15 in D Flat, Op. 87. Moreover, contemporary modern American music had fell in the trap of plagiarism and they had stolen many Arabic music and used them in there own songs, where there tunes had added an oriental different style adding on to musical piece, yet it was done illegally making it plagiarism and the pioneer in plagiarizing Arabic music to be used in American music is non other then one of the most famous American producers and composers Timbaland. Where he stole the music from â€Å"khosara† a song by Abdel Halim Hafez and used it for â€Å"Big Pimpin† by Jay-Z the song was an instant hit in US and the world due to the oriental flavor and the richness of such mix. Another was â€Å"Don’t Know What To Tell Ya† 2003† sung by Aaliyah before she tragically died in an ai rplane accident the tune of that song was taken from â€Å"Batwanness Bik† by Warda on of the most known songs in the Arab world , another songs to add to the list are : Justin Timberlake –Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Plagiarism591 Words   |  2 PagesPlagiarism Introduction: Innovative is the most pronounced word now-a-days. Any place, whether it is school, college, work place innovation is of utmost importance. We are expected to complete home work or a assignment by our own thinking or thought process. With the development of technology such as internet, communication devices ideas regardless of subject are shared and studied, at least viewed by numerous peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Lawrence Lessig s Remix : Making Art And Commerce Thrive1448 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary art and design, particularly fortified by Postmodernity. Martino Gamper, sister duo Soda_Jerk and Glenn Brown are significant artists in this ‘remix culture’ that redefine the way the world is perceived through the reproduction and recyclability of their works and the works of others. Remix culture, or ‘read-write culture’ , lets people generate â€Å"art as readily as they consume it† . In Lawrence Lessig’s book Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy, he argues thatRead MoreCriminal Copyright And Intellectual Property Laws1736 Words   |  7 Pageswith criminal copyright and intellectual property law is of course the internet. 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Actually, this large system supportsRead MoreThe Digital Age And The Music Industry1793 Words   |  8 Pagesonly printed and bound on paper, and music was stored on vinyl records. With the introduction of the digital age and the use of binary code to transmit information, it has suddenly become much easier to infringe on copyright laws (Ford, Adam, and C. Ames Cushman). For example, the website â€Å"Napster† was founded in 1999 as a music downloading website that expanded until it had 38 million users. Unfortunately, the website was not paying for the numerous copies of music it was allowing its users to downloadRead MoreThe Importance Of Cultural Appropriation1716 Words   |  7 Pagesas: â€Å"The act of taking or using things from a culture that is not your own, especially without showing that you understand or respect this culture.† There are various opinions and feelings on t his topic. Some believe it is very offensive and should not be done, some believe it happens but is unavoidable and everyone should get used to it, or some believe it doesn’t exist at all. I think it’s ok for cultures to connect by sharing elements of their culture, but not to take over ideas and rename themRead MoreApplication Of A Master Of Public Health Campus1621 Words   |  7 Pagescourse. Copyright in assignments remains my property. I grant permission to the University to make copies of assignments for assessment, review and/or record keeping purposes. I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. OFFICE USE ONLY If handing in an assignmentRead MoreLeadership As A Genre For Arguments Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of the world. 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Shareholders Rights Free Essays

Requirements for Valid Action at a Shareholder Meeting * Read statute, bylaws and articles * 1. Authority for the meeting * 2. Proper notice (or waiver of notice) * 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Shareholders Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quorum * 4. Required number of votes cast in favor 1. Authority for Meeting * The meeting must be authorized * Look to statute and bylaws for authorization * Annual meetings MBCA  §7. 01 * Special meetings MBCA  § 7. 02 * Court ordered meetings MBCA  § 7. 03 * Who may call a special shareholders meeting? 2. Proper Notice * See MBCA  § 7. 05; Del.  § 222 * a) Must the meeting notice state the purpose of the meeting? Annual meeting MBCA  § 7. 05(b) * Special meeting MBCA  § 7. 05(c) * NOTE: A number of provisions in the applicable corporation statute will contain special notice provisions. See, e. g. , MBCA  §10. 03(d) * b) Who is entitled to notice? * generally only shareholders entitled to vote MBCA  § 7. 05(a) * only shareholders on record date MBCA  § 7. 07; Del.  § 213 * Note: In some cases shareholder who are not entitled to vote are entitled to notice. See, e. g. , MBCA  §Ã‚ § 10. 03(d) 11. 04(d). * c) What about electronic notice? * See MBCA  § 1. 1( c); Del.  § 232 * d) Can notice be waived? * Notice (or a defect in a notice) may be waived expressly or by participation in the meeting. See MBCA  § 7. 06; Del.  § 229 * e) What notice is required in the case of an adjourned meeting? * See MBCA  § 7. 05(e) 3. Quorum Requirement * See MBCA  § 7. 25(a); Del.  § 216 * a) Can a greater or lesser quorum be authorized? * See MBCA  § 7. 27. The articles of incorporation may provide for a greater than majority quorum * See MBCA  § 7. 25 Official Comment 5 (lesser quorum) * Compare Del. 216, which also permits the bylaws to vary the quorum requirement * Why would a corporation permit a lower than majority quorum? * b) Can shareholder, by withdrawing from a meeting, break a quorum? * See MBCA  § 7. 25(b) (no) * Not all corporation statutes (e. g. , Del. ) address this issue * There is some case law contra to the position adopted by the MBCA 4. Required Number of Votes * Traditionally the required number of votes is a majori ty of those present in person or by proxy. See Del.  § 216 * The Revised Model Act takes a different approach. See MBCA  § 7. 5(c) * What is the difference between the Del. approach and the MBCA approach? * What about elections of directors? * The trend is to merely require a plurality of votes cast. See MBCA  § 7. 28(a) and Del.  § 216 * What is cumulative voting for directors? How does it compare with straight voting for directors? * See MBCA  § 7. 28(c); Del.  § 214 * What are the advantages of cumulative voting? * What are the possible disadvantages of cumulative voting? * Only a small minority of states require cumulative voting * Of those that permit cumulative voting, most (including the MBCA and Del. are â€Å"opt in† statutes * Why does the MBCA require notice before cumulative voting is permitted? * How valuable is cumulative voting? * a) Can the amount of votes required for shareholder action be increased? * See MBCA  § 7. 27 and Del.  § 216 * Del. allows supermajority voting requirements to be placed either in the certificate or bylaws * b) Some types of shareholder action have special voting requirements * Some types of action require a majority of the votes entitled to be cast. See, e. g. , MBCA  § 10. 03(e) * Non-voting shareholders may have statutory right to vote on some things. See Del.  § 351 * IT IS IMPORTANT TO READ THE STATUTE What about meeting minutes? * Is a meeting valid without minutes? Supermajority Quorum or Voting Provisions * The ability to raise quorum and vote requirements provides a tool that may be used to protect minority shareholders * Use of this tool increases possibility of shareholder deadlock * Is deadlock necessarily bad? Determining Who is Entitled to Vote * How does a corporation determine who is entitled to vote (and to notice)? * See MBCA  § 7. 07 * What about beneficial owners? * See MBCA  § 1. 40(22) and Del. 219(c) * See also MBCA  § 7. 23. There is no equivalent Del. provision Proxy Appointments * Does a shareholder have to be present in order to vote? * See MBCA  § 7. 22 and Del.  § 212 * Why is a proxy appointment generally only valid for a limited period of time? * MBCA (11 months); Del. (3 years) * When is a proxy appointment revocable? * Generally this is a question of agency law * The MBCA has a detailed pr ovision on revocability * A number of problems can arise from the use of proxies. One is that of conflicting proxies * Is an e-mail, telegraphic or facsimile proxy valid? See MBCA  § 7. 22(b); Del.  § 212(c) (d) * While the typical corporation statute does not impose significant requirements as to the form of a proxy, the SEC proxy rules do impose requirements for publicly held corporations * See SEC Rule 14a-4, suppl. p. 1671 Conduct of the Meeting * The Revised Model Act now includes some rules governing the conduct of a shareholder meeting. * See MBCA  § 7. 08 * There is no comparable Del. provision * The bylaws of a Del. corporation may include provisions similar to the rules in the MBCA. Cf. sample bylaws, suppl. . 1117 Election Inspectors * The Revised Model Act and the Del. Act require some corporations to have election inspectors and set out the duties of such inspectors * See MBCA  § 7. 29. See also Del.  § 231 * In other corporations, the bylaws may provide for election inspectors Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting * Do you have to have a shareholder meeting? * Action may be taken by signed written consent without a meeting * See MBCA  § 7. 04 and Del.  § 228 * Notice may be required to nonvoting shareholders or, in Del. to non-consenting shareholders * Read the applicable statute! * Can the written consent procedure be used in publicly held corporations? * Why or why not? * Can a written consent be revoked? * See MBCA  § 7. 04(b) Welcome to the 21st Century To what extent may electronic forms of communication or participation be used? * Can notice be given electronically? MBCA  § 1. 41(c); Del.  § 232 * Can a person participate in a meeting without being there? Del.  § 211(a); MBCA  § 7. 09. * Can a meeting occur completely in cyberspace? Del.  § 211(a) How to cite Shareholders Rights, Essay examples

Campaign Finance Reform Essay Example For Students

Campaign Finance Reform Essay CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORMThe campaign finance system is corrupted. Spending is out of control, and there are various loopholes in federal campaign finance law. Money buys access and influence, which effectively causes the majority of Americans to have no real capacity to influence public policy. State and federal legislation is needed to fight corruption and unjust influence, to ensure the publics right to know where a candidates money comes from, to enable all candidates to compete equitably in elections, and to allow maximum citizen participation in the political process. Rock the Vote believes that the McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance Reform Bill, in its current state, should be the first piece of legislation signed into law in 2001. Bolder approaches could include: reducing the duration of political campaigns; requiring television and radio stations to air campaign advertising free of charge as a condition for maintaining their broadcast licenses; barring campaign advertising from the airwaves altogether; or placing strict limits on the amounts of money that can be spent by candidates and any and all of their supporters. Rock the Vote supports passing comprehensive legislation for meaningful campaign finance reform. -The Mccain-Feingold bill proposes to end the soft money system by prohibiting candidates and national political parties from raising soft money. Soft money is a financial contribution intended to be used for issues advertising that dies not advocate on behalf of, or against, a specific candidate. Political parties currently use the legality of soft-money donations as a loophole in current campaign finance law, finding ways to channel this money into candidates campaigns. The McCain-Feingold bill prohibits state political parties from spending soft money on activities which affect federal elections, The Current practice of raising unlimited soft money contributions from contributions, unions and wealthy individuals, and then channeling this money into federal elections, would end. The national parties would be required to raise all of their funds under the limits and restrictions in the law. Rock the vote advocates the signing the McCain-Feingold bill into law. Caps must be placed on campaign finance spending. Eliminating the soft-money loophole is one way to monitor, and hopefully restrict, the influence of corporate interest on candidates.